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世界海拔最高的大湖，中国第二大咸水湖。又称腾格里海，腾格里湖。藏语“纳木”，是“天”的意思，“错”是湖，纳木错意即“天湖”。在西藏自治区拉萨市以北当雄、班戈县间。湖面近似长方形，东西长70公里，南北宽30公里，面积1940平方公里，是西藏第一大湖。海拔4718米。湖水矿化度1.7克/升，属微咸水湖。湖水湛蓝清澈，水深30余米。湖中有石质岩岛3个，岸壁陡峭，石骨峥嵘。东南部有半岛伸入水中，岩性属石灰岩，久经溶蚀，形成高原岩溶地貌。主要类型有石林、溶洞、天生桥等。纳木错的水源补给主要靠念青唐古拉山和低山丘陵的冰雪融水，沿湖有众多大小河溪注入，其中较大的有则曲、昂曲、打尔古藏布、罗萨河等。冬季补给来源中断，湖面大为缩小。每年10月下旬湖水开始结冰，至次年5月始消融殆尽，冰期为半年左右。湖水在封冻期间，人畜可履冰行走。纳木错属于断层凹陷湖。第三纪喜马拉雅运动时，这里发生强烈断裂凹陷，周围山地河川泄入，形成了开阔而较深的湖泊。进入第四纪后，随着整个青藏高原的隆升，气候变干，湖面大为缩小。现在，该湖的外围，还保留着三条清晰的古湖岸线，其中最高一层已超过今湖面约80米。纳木错鱼类资源甚丰，每当风和日丽之际，湖平似镜，可见到成群的鱼类在水中嬉游，主要鱼类为细鳞鱼和无鳞鱼。夏季，湖岛和滨岸浅滩上，还有大量赤麻鸭、鱼鸥、鸬鹚等候鸟在此栖息和越夏。湖泊四周有丰美的水草，是藏北优良的牧场之一。湖内蕴藏着丰富的食盐、碱、芒硝等资源，可供开发和利用。]]>08-05-27 22:44:01